1474/62 1677/62 1691/62 1769/63

Applicant name INHABITANTS OF ALSEMBERG, BEERSEL, KRAAINEM, ANTWERP AND SURROUNDINGS, GHENT AND SURROUNDINGS
Applicant type Group
Country Belgium
Decision no. 1474/62 1677/62 1691/62 1769/63
Date 05/03/1964
Judges
Institution Commission
Type Decision
Outcome Art. 8 Admissible
Reason
Type of privacy Private and Family Life
Keywords In abstracto; group right; language; education; family life
Facts of the case This is the beginning of the famous Belgian linguistic case. Belgium, having a large French speaking and a large Dutch speaking community, divided the country in regions, where education to children was provided in one of these languages. The claimants felt that the fact that their children were thought and raised in a different language than they spoke (at home) had a disruptive effect, inter alia, on their private and family life.
Analysis Main discussion concerned the question whether the applicants where allowed to ‘update’ their previous submission, now instead of referring to a violation of Article 9, referring to a violation of Article 8 ECHR. The Commission said that it would amount to ‘excessive formalism’ to require the applicants to submit new complaints to the Commission, and so accepted the change in arguments and legal questions put before it.

The admissibility decision is relevant for three questions.
1. First, there is the discussion alluded to in a number of previous cases, whether the Commission, and the Court for that matter, have the capacity to assess laws in abstracto. No, the Commission makes clear, referring to a number of cases published in the Yearbook. ‘Que la Commission a constaté en effet, à plusieurs reprises, qu’aux termes de l’article 25 paragraphe 1 (art. 25-1) de la Convention, elle n’a pas compétence pour vérifier in abstracto la compatibilité d’une loi nationale avec la Convention, et qu’elle ne peut exercer pareil contrôle que si cette loi s’applique à la personne physique, à l’organisation non gouvernementale ou au groupe de particuliers qui l’a saisie, et seulement dans la mesure où le requérant allègue que l’application de ladite loi a entraîné une violation de la Convention à son détriment (cf. les décisions sur la recevabilité des requêtes no 290/57 et 867/60, Annuaire III, pages 219 – 221, et Annuaire IV, pages 275 – 277; cf. aussi le rapport relatif aux requêtes no 524/59 et 617/59, Ofner et Hopfinger c/Autriche, Document A 78.827, page 78);’
2. Second, there is the question of group claim rights. Although it is clear from the traveaux preparatoires that the authors of the Convention allowed not only natural persons and legal persons, but also groups, to complain, having in mind the fact that totalitarian regimes at that time stigmatised groups, such as Jews, gays and Gypsies. The Commission and the Court, however, have always been very clear in denying groups as groups a right to complain – the only possibility is for individuals who have all been affected/harmed by the same event(s) to bundle their individual complaints. So instead of having 20 individual complaints about, say all person’s that were unlawfully arrested at a football event, the Commission and the Court allow these individuals to bundle their claims. This seems rather evident and a matter of judicial efficiency and seems to deny the very reason of granting groups a claim right. This also means that the Commission and the Court adopt a very individualistic approach to judging potential violations of the Convention. The question it will normally answer is whether in this specific case, a claimant was substantially affected in one of her rights, and whether in this specific case, it was legitimate for the government to do so. The Commission stresses: ‘Que la lecture du mémoire et de la réplique des requérants démontre cependant que ces derniers n’agissent point “au nom des habitants de Louvain et de Mol”, mais pour leur propre compte; qu’ils paraissent se plaindre, en substance, de ce que leurs enfants ne peuvent accéder à l’enseignement dispensé en français à Louvain (article 7 de la loi du 30 juillet 1963 et arrêté royal du 8 août 1963) et à l’école européenne de Mol (article 20 de la loi du 30 juillet 1963); qu’ils ajoutent que même si leur profession les amenait à s’établir à Mol, leurs enfants se verraient exclus de ladite école européenne; Que les requérants, ou du moins certains d’entre eux, se prétendent par conséquent victimes, à cet égard, d’une violation des articles 8 et 14 (art. 8, 14) de la Convention et de l’article 2 du premier Protocole additionnel (P1-2);’
3. This is the first case that has been declared admissible with respect to a potential violation of the right to privacy. The Commission does not assess the case in detail, but merely stresses that the case is complex and merits substantial evaluation.

Documents Decision